- Rheumatology: rheumatoid polyarthritis, ankylosing spondylarthritis, swollen joints, spondylolisthesis, Scheuermann’s disease, etc.
- Congenital conditions: agenesis of the odontoid process, hemivertebra, vertebral synostosis, sacralisation and lumbalisation, etc.
- Tumours – benign or malignant
- Bone disease: osteotuberculosis, osteomalacia, osteomyelitis, severe osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, etc.
- Traumatology: fractures, sprains, torn ligaments, luxation, etc.
- Circulatory disorders: at the base of the skull, carotid disorders, basilar compression, eyesight problems due to arterial compression, aortic aneurism, arteriosclerosis with aortic calcification, thrombosis, high blood pressure, after-effects of myocardial infarction, etc.
- Neurology: pyramidal tract syndromes, ponytail syndrome with urinary difficulty and involvement of the sacral root, etc.
- Disc injuries: slipped disc with associated neurological deficiency
- Others: infectious diseases, pneumothorax, steroid treatment